[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/co-je-to-fuze\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/co-je-to-fuze\/","headline":"Co je to f\u00faze?","name":"Co je to f\u00faze?","description":"F\u00faze nastane, kdy\u017e se st\u0159etnou dva atomy dohromady. Celkov\u00e1 hmotnost nov\u00e9ho atomu je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta, kolik v\u00e1\u017eily f\u00fazn\u00ed atomy. Co\u017e je pom\u011brn\u011b nelogick\u00e9, proto\u017ee","datePublished":"2023-06-07","dateModified":"2023-06-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80bc9a30a8183589d38927f3b57d5a9aa763777ca2942415b346d54d020a9840?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/80bc9a30a8183589d38927f3b57d5a9aa763777ca2942415b346d54d020a9840?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"fragante.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a297847_w2104_t1508227078.png","url":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a297847_w2104_t1508227078.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.fragante.cz\/co-je-to-fuze\/","wordCount":481,"articleBody":"F\u00faze nastane, kdy\u017e se st\u0159etnou dva atomy dohromady. Celkov\u00e1 hmotnost nov\u00e9ho atomu je men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ta, kolik v\u00e1\u017eily f\u00fazn\u00ed atomy. Co\u017e je pom\u011brn\u011b nelogick\u00e9, proto\u017ee pokud se dv\u011b hmotnosti sraz\u00ed, jejich hmotnost se se\u010dte. Tady to v\u0161ak neplat\u00ed, proto\u017ee chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed hmotnost se vydala jako energie, co\u017e lze popsat slavnou rovnic\u00ed Alberta Einsteina E = mc2.\u00a0Pokud se nad procesem f\u00faze zamysl\u00edte, tak kdy\u017e dojde ke st\u0159etnut\u00ed dvou atom\u016f, tak se nejprve p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed jejich atomov\u00e9 obaly a n\u00e1sledn\u011b j\u00e1dra. Probl\u00e9m je vtom, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e1 tato komponenta atomu m\u00e1 stejn\u00fd n\u00e1boj, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e obal je z\u00e1porn\u00fd a j\u00e1dro kladn\u00e9. Je to podobn\u00fd mechanismus jako u magnet\u016f. Dva stejn\u00e9 p\u00f3ly se odpuzuj\u00ed. Jak je tedy mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee i p\u0159es to dojde k jejich vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 interakci? D\u016fvodem je f\u00fazn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, tedy obrovsk\u00e9 teploty a tlaky, kter\u00e9 tyto Coulombovsk\u00e9 s\u00edly p\u0159ekon\u00e1 a dostane se a\u017e na podstatu jadern\u00fdch sil, kde je ji\u017e z\u00e1kon p\u0159ita\u017elivosti takov\u00fd, jak\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt. A pr\u00e1v\u011b jadern\u00e9 s\u00edly mohou za ni\u010divost jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a bomb.\u00a0Teploty ve f\u00fazn\u00edm reaktoru jsou \u0161estkr\u00e1t vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e je teplota v j\u00e1dru Slunce. Vod\u00edkov\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra reakce je plazmatick\u00e1, proto\u017ee v t\u011bchto extr\u00e9mn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch nen\u00ed vod\u00edk plynem. Extr\u00e9mn\u011b vysok\u00e1 energie plazmy pak m\u016f\u017ee za to, \u017ee dojde k postupn\u00e9mu odd\u011blen\u00ed elektron\u016f z obalu obou atom\u016f.\u00a0F\u00faze je dominantn\u00edm zdrojem energie pro hv\u011bzdy ve vesm\u00edru. Je tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm zdrojem energie na Zemi. Kdy\u017e se zapo\u010dne v z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b nekontrolovan\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 reakci, poh\u00e1n\u00ed vod\u00edkovou bombu.\u00a0Existuje n\u011bkolik typ\u016f f\u00faze\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F\u00faze deuteria a tritia – nejslibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kombinace pro s\u00edlu na Zemi. Je to proces, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje teploty p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 39 milion\u016f \u00b0C) a produkuje energii 17,6 MeV.\u00a0Deuterium je slibn\u00e1 slo\u017eka, proto\u017ee jde o izotop vod\u00edku, kter\u00fd obsahuje jedin\u00fd proton a neutron, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd elektron. Dal\u0161\u00edm izotopem vod\u00edku, tritium obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed jeden proton a dva neutrony.\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F\u00faze deuterium-deuterium – teoreticky slibn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e deuterium – tritium kv\u016fli snadnosti z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed dvou atom\u016f deuteria, ale metoda je to n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, proto\u017ee vy\u017eaduje p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 vysok\u00e9 teploty, aby byly v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b provediteln\u00e9. Tento proces v\u0161ak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed v\u00edce energie ne\u017e f\u00faze deuteria a tritia.\u00a0\u00b7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F\u00faze proton \u2013 proton – dominantn\u00edm hnac\u00edm motorem pro hv\u011bzdy, jako je Slunce s teplotami j\u00e1dra pod 15 mili\u00f3n\u016f \u00b0C, je f\u00faze protonu a protonu. za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 dv\u011bma protony a nakonec se z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stice s vysokou energi\u00ed, jako jsou pozitrony, neutrina a gama paprsky.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                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